Electron emission projection imager

SCALPEL: Projection Electron Beam LithographyInvited

Much of the tremendous progress in integrated circuit technology and performance over the past 30 years has been fuelled by the progress in lithography. The ability to print increasingly smaller features has enabled higher speed transistors, higher packing densities and lower power dissipation in CMOS circuits. The productivity of the integrated circuit industry has been on a very steep perform...

Secondary electron emission studies

Secondary-electron-emission processes under electron bombardment play an important role in the performance of a variety of electron devices. While in some devices, the anode and the grid require materials that suppress the secondary-electron-generation process, the crossed-field amplifier (CFA) is an example where the cathode requires an efficient secondaryelectron-emission material. Secondary-...

Integrated spatial electron populations in molecules: The electron projection function.

A "projection function," P(x,z), is defined as the partial integral of the molecular electron density, rho(x,y,z), over the region -infinity < y < +infinity. The projection provides a three-dimensional representation of molecular electron distributions. Chemically useful information can be discerned from graphical displays in either perspective plot or contour format. Numerical integration of t...

Emission of Electron Bernstein Waves

Whistler Emission by Electron Beams

Experimental and theoretical investigation of whistler waves produced in the interaction of a density modulated electron beam with a magnetized plasma are presented for the conditions of active space experiments in the Earth ionosphere as well as for the case of overdense laboratory plasmas. Structures of the electromagnetic fields far and near the beam, efficiency of the beam modulation, emitt...